转Bt基因玉米对根际土壤细菌遗传多样性的影响

连续两年在田间自然状态下,采用PCR-DGGE方法研究6个不同生育期种植转Bt基因玉米MON810对根际土壤细菌群落遗传多样性的影响。结果表明,2008年,同一生育期内转Bt基因玉米与非Bt基因玉米根际土壤细菌16S rDNA DGGE指纹图谱相似,细菌群落的遗传物质组成差异不显著,仅在抽丝期和乳熟期Bt玉米出现两条差异条带。2009年,苗期、拔节期、喇叭口期、抽雄期4个生育期两种玉米出现差异条带,抽丝期和乳熟期无差异条带。对DGGE图谱条带进行克隆测序,部分图谱中的条带所代表的DNA序列相同,最终得到51条DNA序列,共涉及主要细菌门类8个,典型差异条带分别属于芽单胞菌门（Gemmatimonadetes）、变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）。总体来看,与不同品种相比,不同生育期、不同年份间细菌群落差异更为显著,Bt蛋白的积累对根际细菌群落变化有一定影响。     

黑曲霉发酵酱油渣的研究

试验研究了黑曲霉的耐盐能力,试验结果表明:NaCl浓度在0-120 g/l以内,黑曲霉生长速率随NaCl浓度的增加先增加后减小,当NaCl浓度为40 g/l时黑曲霉生长速率达到最大值,为2.08 cm/d;并且以酱油渣为试验材料,研究了黑曲霉对酱油渣中粗纤维成分的降解能力,试验结果表明,黑曲霉能高效降解酱渣中半纤维素,30 d降解率达到了84.28%;同时对纤维素和木质素也有一定程度降解,30 d时降解率分别为23.86%和9.43%。本研究结果为酱油渣的饲料化利用提供了必要的数据支持。     

NH4NO3浓度对吊兰叶片形态和生理生化指标的影响

采用沙培的方式,使用NH4NO3对幼苗进行5种不同的氮素浓度（1 mmol/L,5 mmol/L,10 mmol/L,15 mmol/L,20 mmol/L）处理,每1种处理方式重复5次.通过对吊兰叶片叶长、叶宽、叶绿素含量,可溶性蛋白含量,SOD活性等一系列指标的测定,优选出最适合吊兰生长的氮素浓度.结果表明：5 mmol/L处理的吊兰叶片,其叶片长度、宽度、叶绿素以及蛋白质含量和SOD,POD活性都明显高于其它浓度.     

Synthesis of N-substituted dimethylmaleimides and their antifungal activities against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Compounds with maleimide, both natural and synthesized, have good biological activities, especially the antifungal activity. In order to investigate the antifungal activity of dimethylmaleimides, 17 N-substituted dimethylmaleimides were prepared from the reactions of 2,3-dimethyl maleic anhydride and amines using a facile synthetic method in this paper. These compounds were evaluated for antifungal activities against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum by the mycelium growth rate method. They exhibited minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 0.01–50.0 μg/mL, with N-(2-benzimidazole)-3,4-dimethylmaleimide being the most active one with an MIC of 0.01 μg/mL. The structure and activity relationship on these compounds indicated that the hydrophobicity of the N-substituents is associated with their antifungal activity. Compared to current antifungals, most of N-substituted dimethylmaleimides have a perfect activity for S. sclerotiorum control and low toxicity.     

珍稀竹种香竹的引种保存研究

在昆明市西山区团结镇建立香竹引种保存试验基地,从云南省金平县分水岭自然保护区丫口引种550丛香竹种,研究香竹引种和管护技术,并打造香竹观赏示范园。研究发现,在钢架大棚内采用砂壤土作引种基质,选用粗3cm以上的2a生母竹,采用100×10^-7的ABT号生根粉溶液浸泡根部30min,能够明显提高香竹引种的成活率,最高成活率可达88．5％。     

Survey of mycotic mastitis in dairy cows from Heilongjiang Province, China

A survey of the prevalence rate, pathogenic subspecies, and risk factors of mycotic mastitis in dairy cows from Heilongjiang Province, China, was conducted. Milk samples from 412 cows with chronic mastitis were collected and cultured on 8 % sheep blood agar, MacConkey agar, and Sabouraud agar with chloramphenicol. Counting of the morphologically distinct colonies was performed, as well as the isolation and identification of organisms through phenotypical and physiological criteria. Four hundred seventy-eight aerobic microorganisms were isolated. Yeasts and yeast-like fungi 35.6 % (170/478) and bacteria 64.4 % (308/478) were isolated. The fungal isolates were identified as Candida (79.4 %), Trichosporon (5.9 %), Aspergillus (7.1 %), Cryptococcus (2.4 %), and Rhodotorula (4.1 %). More than ten species of yeast were isolated including Candida krusei 50/135 (37 %), Candida rugosa 16/135 (11.9 %), and Candida lusitaniae 15/135 (11.1 %). A higher positivity (18.5 and 56.3 %) (P ≤0.05) was observed in cows from environmental temperatures of 0–15 and 15–35 °C than those at <0 °C and in cows affected by the disease for >45 and 30–45 days compared with cows suffering 10–30 days. Meanwhile, a statistically significant difference (44.9 vs. 31.4 %) (P ≤0.05) was observed under extensive raising systems vs. intensive raising systems. It appears that Candida is a major pathogen of mycotic mastitis of dairy cows. Extensive raising system, high environmental temperature (15–35 °C), and the duration of the disease (>30 days) were important risk factors of the incidence of mycotic mastitis. Here, we provide a theoretical foundation for research into preventing and treating mycotic mastitis of dairy cows in China.     

意蜂蜂王封盖子发育起点温度和有效积温的研究

本文在29℃、31℃、33℃、35℃和37℃,相对湿度40%～60%下,对意大利蜜蜂蜂王封盖子的发育历期、发育起点温度和有效积温进行研究。实验结果显示:①蜂王封盖子的发育期随温度的升高而缩短;②发育起点温度为22.05℃,有效积温为2367.324h℃;③蜂王封盖子的发育期(h)的预测式为N=2367.324/(T-22.05)。     

宁夏动物卫生监督执法工作情况调研报告

为解决基层动物卫生监督执法滞后,基础设施薄弱等问题,全面客观地掌握我区动物卫生监督管理工作现状,笔者对全区动物卫生监督机构情况、畜禽定点屠宰情况、动物及动物产品交易市场情况、动物防疫条件审核发证情况、肉类经营、加工和仓储情况、肉类消费场所检疫监督情况、动物产品（非肉类）加工企业的检疫监督情况、规模饲养场、养殖小区（户）动物卫生监督执法情况等进行了调研,现将调查情况报告如下。